Activity Description

Preparation:

1. Create the executive function cards
   1. Write each executive function on a separate card using a computer program or markers
2. Display cards beside the daily schedule so that they are ready to be used

Implementation:

1. Introduce the task
2. Have the students discuss the executive functions involved in the task
   1. Ensure that students understand each executive function
      1. Introduce each executive function separately
      2. Spend a few days modeling and discussing each executive function before moving on to the next one
      3. Model the executive function during appropriate tasks and activities
      4. Create a chart that includes what the meaning of the executive function, tasks and activities that require the executive function and strategies for success
   2. Have students include an explanation for their choice
   3. More than one executive function can be included for each task
      1. For example, sustained attention and goal directed persistence can be displayed beside independent reading

3. Once the executive task(s) have been determined display the cards beside the matching task on the daily schedule
4. Refer to the executive function cards during the task to remind students what is involved in carrying out the task successfully

Adaptations For

English Language Learners/ESL:

- Create personalized executive function charts for all students
- Use gestures and expressions to help communicate information
- Pause frequently to check for understanding

LD/Reading & Writing Difficulties:

- Use visual cues and picture prompts
- Introduce each executive function separately to ensure understanding
- Refer to charts on a regular basis and work with students independently

Cultural Appropriateness & Diversity:

- Consider texts with multiple languages
- Use folk tales from different countries/cultures to depict executive functions and help students make personal connections

Differentiated Instruction:

- Encourage and acknowledge varied responses during discussions
- Write information in different colors or in other formats (e.g. sticky  notes)

Related References

For additional information on how to teach Executive Functions:
www.efs2therescue.com

Evidence:
St. Clair-Thompson, H.L. (2011). Executive functions and working memory behaviors in children with a poor working memory. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(4), 409-414.

Hooper, S.R., Swartz, C.W., Wakely, M.B., de Kruif, R.E., & Montgomery, J.W. (2002). Executive functions in elementary school children with and without problems in written expression. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(1), 57-68.